Evaluation of Free Radical Scavenging Potential of Different Bioactive Fractions Present in Boerhavia diffusa Linn. Root Extract: An in-vitro Approach

Aimand Objectives:Boerhavia diffusa(B. diffusa) frequently known as punarnava is specifically used to replenish the body. The present work was designed to evaluate the scavenging potentialof its bioactive constituents. Materials and Methods:The different fractions ofB. diffusaroot methanolic extractwere examined for phenolic, flavonoids contents, DPPH free radical and Nitric oxide scavenging activities. Further antioxidant activity wasevaluated by ABTS free radical scavenging method and also from the reducing potential scavenging activity. The total phenolic content in different fractions by using various solvent like ethanol, diethyl ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and n-butanol were carried out to find the antioxidant activities. Results:The phenolic content was highest in ethanolic fraction that was significantly comparable with ascorbic acid. The flavonoid content was highest in ethanol fraction (41.93 ± 3.92 μg/mL) followed by n-butanol fraction (31.68 ± 1.72 μg/mL), then ethyl acetate fraction (29.67 ± 2.83 μg/mL) and least in chloroform fraction (16.91 ± 2.74 μg/mL). The ethanolic fraction of B. diffusaalso showed highest DPPH radical scavenging activity (101.29 ± 3.78) when compared with other fractions of same extract using different solvent phases. Moreover the nitric oxide scavenging activity of ethanolic fraction was maximum (82.31 ± 2.83) than different fractions. The ethanolic fraction also showed improved ABTS radical scavenging activity (81.73 ± 2.73 mg/mL) while chloroform fraction showed poor ABTS radical cation scavenging activity (29.51 ± 2.79 mg/mL). Conclusions:The study concludes that Boerhavia diffusa has rich and ample source of phenolic acid and flavonoids. Among all fractions the ethanolic has potent antioxidant activity, which shows its significance for a better novel approach.

call for spreading awareness among parents and gynecologists on the danger of genital herpes on neonates -department of medicine and dermatology-king abdulaziz hospital and oncology center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

Background: genital Herpes infection is caused by HSV 1 and HSV2 Virus. It causes distressing symptoms in a significant number of adolescents and adults with over 40 million people sufferers from recurrent HSV genital ulcer disease causes significant disease globally and it is potentially fatal when transmitted to neonates and most maternal infections with risk of transmission are asymptomatic

Aim of the Study: highlighting the crucial rule of parents? education and awareness on the prevention and management of HSV in neonates [NHSV]

Patients and methods: 112 females and 34 males HSV2 seropositive patients were assigned to fill a questionnaire on their awareness about HSV2 infection and symptoms and its effect on potential neonates. In parallel, there was a questionnaire for the assigned gynecologists to assess the counseling process of the mothers about the history of previous infection. Data was compared to the patients? medical chart and past delivery of defected and treated neonates

Results: Patients whom were aware with the dangerous effect of the infection of virus had no mortality in their neonatal and had the good treatment for them

Conclusion: Couple educational and Awareness campaigns on genital Herpes infection have become a compelling need in order to avoid neonates mortality and help in designing preventive measures for neonates morbidity

Synthesis of biologically active O-substituted derivatives of 1-[[3, 5-dichloro-2-hydroxyphenyl]sulfonyl]piperidine

In the present work, a series of 2-O-substituted derivatives of 1-[[3,5-dichloro-2-hydroxy phenyl] sulfonyl]piperidine [5a-j] were synthesized. These derivatives were geared up by the coupling of 3,5-dichloro-2-hydroxy benzenesulfonyl chloride [1] with piperidine [2] under dynamic pH control in aqueous media to form parent compound 1-[[3,5-dichloro-2-hydroxyphenyl]sulfonyl]piperidine [3], followed by the substitution at oxygen atom with different electrophiles [4a-j] in the presence of sodium hydride [NaH] and dimethyl formamide [DMF] to give a series of Osubstituted derivatives of sulfonamides bearing piperidine nucleus 5a-j. The synthesized O-substituted sulfonamides were spectrally characterized. The bioactivity of all the synthesized compounds were evaluated against lipoxygenase [LOX], acetylcholinesterae [AChE] and butyrylcholinesterase [BChE] enzymes and found to be having talented activity against butyrylcholinesterase enzyme

role of computed tomography in blunt abdominal trauma

To determine the role of computed tomography [CT] scan in blunt abdominal trauma and to compare it with operative findings or clinical outcome. A total number of 245 consecutive patients with blunt abdominal trauma who underwent diagnostic CT scan where reviewed retrospectively over a 5 year period. Recorded data included age, gender, type of injuries and scan results, The CT findings were compared and correlated with the operative findings or clinical follow-up in conservatively managed cases. Of the total of 245 patients, 113 [46%] underwent surgery. One hundred and thirty two [54%] patients were conservatively managed. There were 12 [4.9%] deaths. Haemoperitoneum were detected in one hundred and seventy patients. All 52 patients with small fluid haemoperitoneum on CT were conservatively managed and all 22 patients with large haemoperitoneum required surgical exploration. There were 95 splenic, sixty three renal, forty eight hepatic and thirteen pancreatic injuries. Twenty one patients tad bowel injuries. Five patients had vascular injuries. Twenty three patients had multi-organ injuries. Organ injuries were graded using the OIS guidelines. In conjunction with close clinical monitoring, CT was reliable in the evaluation of blunt abdominal trauma in a selected group of patients

Management of post laparoscopic cholecystectomy major bile duct injury: comparison of MRCP with conventional methods

Postlaparoscopic cholecystectomy bile duct injury remains one of the devastating complications seen in current surgical practice. Aim of study: This study describes the diagnostic role of magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography [MRCP] in such injuries compared with conventional methods. Patients and Eighteen patients referred to the Division of Hepatobiliary Surgery, King Khalid University Hospital from July 1998 to September 2000 were retrospectively studied. The technique of the repair was by utilizing Roux- en- Y hepaticojejunostomy with establishment of mucosa- to- mucosa anastomosis. The study included presentation, age and gender. The presentation of patients were variable and frequently included pain, Jaundice with or without cholangitis in 13 patients, bile leakage with development of biliary peritonitis in three, and development of external biliary fistula in two patients. Beside lower incidence of complication, MRCP was more diagnostic and informative in planning surgery by mapping both ducts proximal and distal to site of injury or stricture in 14 out of 18 patients. The Bismuth level of bile duct injuries were type I in one, type II in five, type III in 11 and type IV in one patient. All patients are alive, well and no complications occurred in the immediate postoperative period. Only two patients developed stricture within four months after surgery, one of them treated conservatively with repeated dilatation and stenting was done for the other. Hepaticojeunostomy is the procedure of choice for repair of bile duct injuries and provides adequate bilairy drainage. MRCP is an ideal diagnostic test when bile duct injury is suspeted following laparoscopic cholecystectomy